29.8 Conclusion and Future Approach

451

CO2

Sugars

Wastewater

Protein

Carbohydrate

Lipids

Dried residue

Biomass

Algal biorefinery

Biochar

Biogas

Bio-oil

Hydrolysis

Sugars

Fermentation

Acidogenesis

Hydrogen

volatile fatty acids

Bioethanol

Bioplastics

Figure 29.4

Schematic representation of algae-based biorefinery.

waste of the resources. The project named “SAHYOG” was started by joined funding

of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology,

India, and the European Commission. The EU listed the availability of excess

biomass and biowaste in India and in context with a biobased economy that can be

used as a feedstock for the production of biofuel.

Case 3. Composting Recycling of organic matter by decomposition leads to the

formation of soil conditioner-compost, with the help of most traditional and age-old

process, i.e. composting. Composting addresses the most critical issues of waste

management by diverting reliance on landfills and reclaiming values that can

provide agriculture products of high quality and yield by transforming waste into

organic fertilizers [59]. To eliminate the use of fossil-based fertilizer and bring

agriculture fertilizers into the market, composting can come into play. Indian

Government starts giving subsidies to promote organic agriculture practices and

they formulated their policies to blend along with chemical fertilizers. This practice

of organic farming is flourishing day by day as it does not disturb the environmental

balance by working and composting together to get a good yield in return. [60]. There

are several opportunities in the Indian market which can further enhance organic

product demand to grow on an industrial scale and utilize MSW as feedstock.

29.8

Conclusion and Future Approach

The CO2 has always been identified as the havoc for climatic conditions and is con-

sidered as repulsive feedstock for biocatalysis. However, elevated technologies and